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Lake Matano
Lake Matano ((インドネシア語:Danau Matano)), also known as Matana, is a natural lake in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. With a depth of , it is the deepest lake in Indonesia (ranked by maximum depth), and the 10th deepest lake in the world. The surface elevation from mean sea level is only , which means that the deepest portion of the lake is below sea level (cryptohollow). It is one of the two major lakes (the other being Lake Towuti) in the Malili Lake system.
== Endemic animals and plants ==
Lake Matano is home to many species of endemic fish and other animals (e.g. ''Caridina'' shrimps,〔von Rintelen, K., and Y. Cai (2009). ''Radiation of endemic species flocks in ancient lakes: systematic revision of the freshwater shrimp Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from the ancient lakes Of Sulawesi, Indonesia, with the description of eight new species.'' Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 57: 343-452.〕 Parathelphusid crabs〔Chia, O. C. K. and Ng, P. K. L. (2006). The freshwater crabs of Sulawesi, with descriptions of two new genera and four new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Singapore 54: 381–428.〕 and ''Tylomelania'' snails〔von Rintelen , T., K. von Rintelen, and M. Glaubrecht (2010). ''The species flock of the viviparous freshwater gastropod Tylomelania (Mollusca: Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) in the ancient lakes of Sulawesi, Indonesia: the role of geography, trophic morphology and colour as driving forces in adaptive radiation.'' pp. 485-512 in: Glaubrecht, M., and H. Schneider, eds. (2010). Evolution in Action: Adaptive Radiations and the Origins of Biodiversity. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany.〕) as well as many plants. The endemic fishes of Matano have been compared to the species swarms of the Rift Valley Lakes of Africa. While not as diverse, they are thought to have all arisen from a single ancestor species and diversified into numerous different species, which now fill many of the previously vacant ecological niches, as can be seen in the family Telmatherinidae.〔Herder, F., J. Pfaender, and U.K. Schliewen (2008). ''Adaptive sympatric speciation of polychromatic "roundfin" sailfin silverside fish in Lake Matano (Sulawesi).'' Evolution 62(9): 2178-95〕 Endemic and near-endemic fishes from other families include ''Glossogobius matanensis'', ''Mugilogobius adeia'', ''Nomorhamphus weberi'' and ''Oryzias matanensis''. Many of the endemics are seriously threatened due to pollution and predation/competition from a wide range of introduced fishes, including flowerhorn cichlids.〔Herder, F., U.K. Schliewen, M.F. Geiger, R.K. Hadiaty, S.M. Gray, J.S. McKinnon, R.P. Walter and J. Pfaender (2012) ''Alien invasion in Wallace's Dreamponds: records of the hybridogenic “flowerhorn” cichlid in Lake Matano, with an annotated checklist of fish species introduced to the Malili Lakes system in Sulawesi.'' Aquatic Invasions 7(4): 521–535〕
The water snake ''Enhydris matannensis'' is only known from the vicinity of Lake Matano and on Muna Island.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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